Looking for natural ways to manage ADHD symptoms? Some nootropic supplements promise to boost your focus when paired with lifestyle changes.

Most OTC Adderall alternatives for adults, like FOCL Day, combine natural ingredients that offer potential brain health benefits. But how do they stack up against traditional ADHD meds?

Keep reading as we explore the top natural Adderall substitutes, so you can pick the right one!

Adderall Alternatives 2025: Quick Overview of Our Top Picks

  1. FOCL Day – Best Adderall alternative overall

  2. Hunter Focus – Best for concentration

  3. NooCube – Best for memory

  4. Mind Lab Pro – Best for mental clarity

  5. Mind Vitality – Best for energy

  6. BetterBrand BetterMushrooms – Best mushroom-based nootropic

  7. Brain Pill – Best for mental stamina

  8. Neuro Gum Energy & Focus – Best gum nootropic

  9. Addall XR – Best for mental performance

What Are Natural OTC Adderall Alternatives?

Curious about solutions other than prescription medications for ADHD? Adderall alternatives (a.k.a cognitive enhancement pills) could come in handy.

Brain-boosting supplements with ingredients like Bacopa monnieri and caffeine may help improve your cognitive function [1] [2]. That said, you also need a balanced diet, a steady exercise routine, and a stress management strategy to enhance your brain health.

Most of the supplements we covered are in capsule form. However, if you find swallowing pills challenging, you can also search for liquid Adderall over-the-counter substitutes.

1. FOCL Day – Best Adderall Alternative Overall

Pros

  • May boost focus and brain function

  • Uplifts mood and reduces stress

  • No stimulants

  • Vegan-friendly and gluten-free

Cons

  • Free shipping is only available for subscribers

Who Should Try FOCL Day?

FOCL Day is our #1 pick among the best Adderall alternatives. It combines plant-based, research-backed ingredients to support your brain health, sharpen your focus, and provide mental energy. What’s more, it’s free from stimulants, so it’s not likely to cause any jitters.

Key Ingredients

  • 1000 mg Lion’s Mane Mushroom: Known to support cognitive function and neural growth, this mushroom may improve focus, memory, and mental clarity [3].

  • 50 mg Rhodiola Rosea: By helping you adapt to stress, it could aid in increasing your attention span and fighting fatigue [4].

  • 150 mg L-Theanine: It promotes relaxation without drowsiness, enhances focus, and reduces stress and anxiety [5].

  • 5 mg Vitamin B6: This nutrient plays a big role in brain health, assisting in neurotransmitter function and energy production. It may also enhance cognitive performance and lessen ADHD symptoms (like inattention and lethargy) [6].

Dosage

  • 2 capsules each morning, with or without food

Cost

  • 1 month: $39 or $31.20 when you subscribe

Customer Feedback

Many customers on Amazon approve of FOCL Day. Some report that, after using it for just over a week, they had better productivity, focus, and sustained energy throughout the day [7]. However, a few customers prefer caffeine products as a more energizing alternative [8].

>>Buy FOCL Day to support your overall cognitive function

2. Hunter Focus – Best for Concentration

Pros

  • Designed to provide intense focus

  • Supports memory and mood

  • Features herbal ingredients and amino acids

  • Includes essential vitamins

Cons

  • Pricier than many of its competitors

Who Should Try Hunter Focus?

Hunter Focus might be a handy OTC Adderall substitute for those who need mental sharpness and better focus. That’s why it’s one of the best natural ADHD remedies for professionals working on challenging projects, creative workers, or students studying for exams.

Key Ingredients

  • 500 mg Lion’s Mane Mushroom: It enhances cognitive functions, such as concentration, memory, and mental clarity, by supporting neural growth and brain health [3].

  • 200 mg L-Theanine: This promotes relaxation without causing drowsiness and improves focus while helping manage anxiety and hyperactivity [5].

  • 300 mg Ashwagandha Root: The adaptogen can reduce stress and anxiety, uplift your mood, and support overall mental health [9].

  • 100 mg Caffeine: As a stimulant, it can help increase alertness, improve concentration, and enhance mood, which may aid in managing symptoms of ADHD [2].

Dosage

  • 6 capsules per day

Cost

  • 1 month: $90

  • 2 months: $180

  • 4 months: $270

Customer Feedback

Many users appreciate the benefits of Hunter Focus. In r/Supplements, for example, some users think it’s a well-rounded nootropic solution. On the other hand, other Redditors in the same thread prefer other brands.

>>Buy Hunter Focus to strengthen your focus

3. NooCube – Best for Memory

Pros

  • It may help improve memory

  • Includes plant-based ingredients and nutrients

  • Fights brain fog and eye fatigue

  • 60-day guarantee

Cons

  • Free delivery starts at $79.99

Who Should Try NooCube?

NooCube is possibly the best OTC alternative to Adderall if you wish to strengthen your memory for professional, academic, or personal reasons. It may be attractive to students studying for a test or job applicants preparing for an interview, as well as seniors who need cognitive support.

Key Ingredients

  • 20 mg Lutemax: It could amp up cognitive function by making your eyes process things better and your neurons more efficient [10].

  • 250 mg Bacopa Monnieri: Since it keeps your brain healthy, it could assist in managing conditions like ADHD [1].

  • 20 mg Panax Ginseng: Known for boosting energy levels, improving mental clarity, and reducing fatigue, it may also help stabilize your mood [11].

  • 140 mcg Pterostilbene: This may improve memory and cognitive function by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain [12].

Dosage

  • 2 capsules daily, with or without breakfast

Cost

  • 1 month: $64.99

  • 3 months: $129.99

  • 5 months: $194.99

Customer Feedback

NooCube has received mixed customer feedback on Reddit. In /r/adhdwomen, one user reported a positive experience, noting that the supplement subtly boosted focus and mental clarity. While another Redditor hasn’t tried it yet, he did express curiosity about it in the same thread [13].

>>Buy NooCube here

4. Mind Lab Pro – Best for Mental Clarity

Pros

  • Helps keep your mind clear

  • Enhances memory and focus

  • Clean-label and vegan-friendly

  • Comes in NutriCaps probiotic capsules

Cons

  • Only orders over $360 get free shipping

Who Should Try Mind Lab Pro?

Struggling with brain fog? Mind Lab Pro could be one of the best OTC Adderall alternatives since it encourages you to stay sharp and alert. It blends together herbal extracts, amino acids, and vitamins to bolster your cognitive functions, such as creativity and memory.

Key Ingredients

  • 150 mg Bacopa Monnieri: It can improve memory, attention, and processing speed, making it easier to manage ADHD symptoms [1].

  • 500 mg Lion’s Mane Mushroom: This supports brain health by stimulating nerve growth factor (NGF) production while enhancing focus, cognitive function, and neural health [3].

  • 250 mg Citicoline: It may boost brain chemical levels, improve neural communication, and enhance memory and focus [14].

  • 100 mg Phosphatidylserine: By protecting brain cells and facilitating messages between them, this could improve your attention, memory, and brain functions [15].

  • 75 mg Maritime Pine Bark Extract: It contains potent antioxidants that support brain health by boosting blood flow and reducing oxidative stress [16].

Dosage

  • 2 capsules, together with your daily morning coffee

Cost

  • $69 for a one-time purchase or $62.10 when you subscribe

Customer Feedback

Many users praise Mind Lab Pro among mental clarity supplements. Some said it can help enhance focus, concentration, mindfulness, and responsiveness while having minimal side effects [17]. On the other hand, not everyone finds Mind Lab Pro that helpful, with some users claiming they experienced no benefits from its use [18].

>>Improve your mental clarity with Mind Lab Pro

5. Mind Vitality – Best for Energy

Pros

  • Bolsters your mental energy

  • Enhances concentration and productivity

  • 100-day guarantee

  • Vegan-friendly and gluten-free

Cons

  • Doesn’t ship outside the US, UK, and Canada

Who Should Try Mind Vitality?

Hoping to supercharge your mental energy and get more done each day? Mind Vitality might just be the best OTC Adderall alternative for energy. Its Ignition Tri-Factor features research-backed ingredients and supporting vitamins. This blend could help boost your mental endurance, banish brain fog, and keep you laser-focused even on busy, demanding days.

Key Ingredients

  • 300 mg Bacopa Monnieri: It may enhance your cognitive skills, particularly memory and learning speed, and support the retention of new information [1].

  • 200 mg Rhodiola Rosea: This adaptogen boosts mental performance and the ability to concentrate, particularly under stress [4].

  • 50 mg Ginkgo Biloba: It increases blood flow to the brain and has antioxidant effects; this can improve cognitive functions like focus, memory, and mental processing speeds [19].

  • 100 mg Korean Ginseng: Known to boost mental energy and reduce fatigue, it enhances cognitive functions, such as reaction time and abstract thinking [11].

Dosage

  • 2 tablets to start with, then 3 tablets with breakfast or early lunch

Cost

  • 1 month: $59.99 or $47.99 for subscribers

Customer Feedback

Some users count Mind Vitality as one of the best alternatives to Adderall for fatigue. For instance, in r/EffectiveNootropics, someone mentioned improvements in focus, energy, and memory after taking these focus and energy supplements. Nevertheless, the same Reddit reviewer clarified that the effects are not as intense as Adderall [20].

>>Buy Mind Vitality here

6. BetterBrand BetterMushrooms – Best Mushroom-Based Nootropic

Pros

  • Combines various mushrooms to enhance brain health

  • May improve focus and memory

  • Boosts mood and sleep quality

  • Supports gut health

Cons

  • Only subscribers will get a free gift

Who Should Try BetterMushrooms?

Are you curious about mushrooms’ cognitive benefits? The best OTC alternative to Adderall for you might be BetterBrand BetterMushrooms. It includes several research-backed mushrooms that may support your focus, mood, and energy levels while reducing fatigue. These gummies are a convenient, tasty way to enjoy mushrooms, like mushroom chocolate bars.

Key Ingredients

The supplement offers a 300 mg proprietary blend of mushrooms, like:

  • Reishi: Known for its calming effects, it can help manage stress and anxiety. Reishi may also support better sleep patterns and overall immune health [21].

  • Lion’s Mane: This mushroom is celebrated for supporting brain health; it stimulates the growth of nerve cells and improves focus and mental clarity [3].

  • Cordyceps: While traditionally used for increasing energy and endurance, cordyceps can also help improve focus and vitality. This may combat fatigue, often associated with ADHD [22].

Dosage

  • 2 gummies a day

Cost

  • 1 month: $39.95 or $31.96 with a subscription

Customer Feedback

BetterMushrooms Gummies has received much positive feedback, meaning many consider it the best Adderall alternative on Amazon. Some customers report improved concentration, enhanced mood, better sleep, and increased energy, thanks to the 12 mushrooms in the gummies [23] [24]. However, a few customers have concerns with packaging and shipping [25].

>>Discover the cognitive perks of BetterBrand Better Mushrooms

7. Brain Pill – Best for Mental Stamina

Pros

  • Supports cognitive endurance

  • Reduces mental fatigue

  • Promotes memory recall

  • 67-day guarantee

Cons

  • Exact ingredient dosages are not provided on the website

Who Should Try Brain Pill?

Brain Pill is one of the natural Adderall alternatives for adults who need to stay alert and energized throughout the day while supporting long-term cognitive health. Loaded with nootropic ingredients, Brain Pill promises to deliver all-day focus and longer mental stamina… without that dreaded mid-day crash.

Key Ingredients

  • Phosphatidylserine: Vital for keeping your brain cells working well, it helps improve memory, enhance learning ability, and support a stable mood [15].

  • Ginkgo Biloba: By increasing blood flow to the brain and acting as an antioxidant, it boosts cognitive functions like focus, memory, and processing speed [19].

  • DHA Complex: It supports the structure of neuronal membranes; this also helps the brain to keep working properly [26].

  • Vitamin B6: The vitamin may regulate mood and cognitive abilities by encouraging the production of serotonin, dopamine, and GABA [6].

  • L-Tyrosine: It boosts neurotransmitter production to enhance concentration, reduce stress, and support cognitive performance [27].

Dosage

  • 2 pills a day

Cost

  • 1 month: $69.95

  • 3 months: $192.95

  • 6 months: $354.95

Customer Feedback

There are hardly any reviews of Brain Pill online. In the single review on a Trustpilot profile, the user reported minor side effects like a headache, but he did clarify it was probably due to the tyrosine content [28]. To get a more balanced view, ask friends who may have tried it.

>>Extend your cognitive stamina with Brain Pill

8. Neuro Gum Energy & Focus – Best Gum Nootropic

Pros

  • Convenient gum form

  • Offers a quick boost in focus and energy

  • 4 delicious gum flavors

  • Natural sweeteners

Cons

  • The patented formula only provides a small amount of theanine

Who Should Try Neuro Gum Energy & Focus?

Do you enjoy chewing gum? Popping some Neuro Gum is a speedy way to improve your concentration and energize your mind. It’s one of the most convenient alternatives to Adderall for students taking exams, those with busy schedules, or anyone who needs a quick mental boost.

Key Ingredients

  • Caffeine: It has a mild stimulant effect that enhances alertness and concentration [2].

  • 60 mg L-Theanine: This makes you feel relaxed but not drowsy; it’s often paired with caffeine to enhance focus while curbing the edgier side effects of caffeine (such as anxiety and restlessness) [5].

  • Vitamin B6: It plays a role in mood regulation and cognitive function by influencing serotonin and dopamine production [6].

  • Vitamin B12: Aside from supporting brain function, your body needs it to create energy from fats and proteins. It’s vital for maintaining healthy nerve cells and mental energy levels [29].

Dosage

  • 1-2 pieces as needed, with a limit of up to 10 pieces to stay within the caffeine limit

Cost

  • 6-pack (54 Pieces): $24.99 or $22.49 for subscribers

Customer Feedback

Users on the official website frequently praise the gum for providing an energy boost. Several mention they are repeat customers who enjoy the fresh peppermint flavor and the mild stimulant effect it offers. However, others don’t always experience the same effect, even as they note that the flavor of the gum is decent [30].

>>Buy Neuro Gum Energy & Focus

9. Addall XR – Best for Mental Performance

Pros

  • Supports cognitive performance

  • Provides sustained energy and focus

  • Attractive orange flavor

  • Caffeine-free

Cons

  • Patented formula with no exact ingredient dosage

Who Should Try Addall XR?

Addall XR is a great nootropic supplement for students, professionals, or creative workers who must pay attention and maintain peak performance for longer periods to be more productive. What’s more, the travel pack is also among the most portable Adderall substitutes for those who need a quick boost on the go.

Key Ingredients

Every serving includes a 750 mg proprietary blend of:

  • Beta-Phenyl-GABA: Often used for its calming effects, it can help reduce anxiety and improve cognitive function [31].

  • 1-Amino-2-phenylethane: This compound is related to amphetamine; it acts as a stimulant, which can enhance alertness, attention, and energy levels [32].

  • 2-Amino-6-methylheptane: Thanks to its stimulant effects, it might improve attention span, energy, and alertness [33].

  • Theobroma Cacao: Chocolate contains natural compounds that can improve your mood and cognitive function, such as theobromine and caffeine [34].

Dosage

  • 1 capsule a day; do not exceed 2 capsules in 24 hours

Cost

  • One-pack: $7.99 or $6.39 with a subscription

  • Three-pack: $16.50 or 13.20 with a subscription

  • Six-pack: $31.50 or 25.20 with a subscription

Customer Feedback

On the official website, a user praised Addall XR for boosting his productivity and helping him stay energized throughout the day. Another reviewer described it as the best non-caffeine supplement he’s ever used. However, there are a few users who mentioned shipping issues [35].

>>Buy Addall XR to enhance your mental performance

What Is ADHD?

ADHD—short for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder—is a developmental disorder where someone finds it hard to pay attention. What’s more, a person with ADHD is also likely to be hyperactive (often moving around or talking a lot) and impulsive (usually interrupting others or impatient for their turn).

How Do Adderall Alternatives and Nootropics Help With ADHD?

Nootropics and Adderall alternatives offer a natural way to manage ADHD symptoms. By targeting neurotransmitters and boosting brain function, these supplements may help improve concentration, focus, and cognitive function.

Prescription Adderall Alternatives vs. Natural OTC Adderall Replacements

When comparing prescription ADHD meds to nootropic supplements, these are the key differences between the two:

  • Ingredients: ADHD medications are made from synthetic chemicals, while Adderall alternatives commonly feature natural ingredients.

  • Potency: The goal of both is to boost your focus and brain health, but prescription meds usually yield more powerful results compared to supplements.

  • Safety: Natural alternatives to Adderall are generally considered safer than ADHD meds since they have a lower risk of side effects.

  • Availability: You need a prescription to legally buy Adderall (which isn’t always in stock); in contrast, you can easily order alternatives to Adderall during shortages even without a prescription.

Benefits of Adderall Alternatives

Herbal focus supplements marketed as OTC Adderall substitutes usually comprise different ingredients that may improve your cognitive skills.

Focus

Are you having trouble concentrating? Most Adderall alternatives aim to help you pay more attention to your work or school tasks. For example, lion’s mane mushroom can enhance your focus by supporting cognitive function [3]. By encouraging more blood to flow to your brain, ginkgo biloba may increase your focus, too [19].

Memory

If you find it hard to remember things, nootropic alternatives to Adderall often promise to improve memory and recall. By lessening brain inflammation and oxidative stress, pterostilbene may boost your memory skills and brain function [12]. Additionally, citicoline could also sharpen your memory by balancing brain chemical levels [14].

Mental Energy

Hoping to energize your brain? Caffeine is one of the most popular stimulants that can amp up your energy levels while making your mind more alert [2]. As for vitamin B6, it can assist your body in producing more energy as well [6].

Clarity

In case your mind is fuzzy, rhodiola rosea enables you to deal with stress better, so you can think more clearly [4]. What’s more, L-theanine promotes mental clarity by making you feel relaxed yet not sleepy [5].

Learning Ability

Last but not least, natural alternatives to Adderall could make it easier for you to learn things. For instance, Bacopa monnieri may speed up the way your brain processes information. It could play a role in bolstering your attention and memory, too [1].

>>Buy FOCL Day to support your overall cognitive function

Side Effects: Are Adderall Alternatives Safe?

Natural alternatives to Adderall XR are usually considered safe for most healthy adults. After all, they tend to have fewer adverse effects than prescription meds.

While side effects are rare, here are some that a few users might encounter [36]:

  • Headaches and dizziness

  • Nausea

  • Diarrhea

  • Fainting

If you have any serious health conditions or are taking other meds, do some research and talk to your doctor before using nootropic supplements.

Other ADHD Medications

ADHD can be treated with a few other medications apart from natural Adderall alternatives. Some of these drugs, similar to Adderall, over-the-counter, are Focalin, Strattera, Kapvay, and Citicoline, each with its own benefits and unique mechanisms.

Focalin

Like Adderall, Focalin is a central nervous system stimulant with a different chemical composition. As a medication meant for ADHD and narcolepsy, it is frequently prescribed for issues like impulsivity and inattention.

Strattera

Strattera is one of the non-stimulant ADHD treatments, unlike most medications. It raises norepinephrine levels in the brain. As a result, it may help improve attention span and lower hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Kapvay

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists like clonidine or Kapvay are a treatment for ADHD in children and adults. It helps regulate certain brain chemicals to sharpen mental focus and reduce hyperactivity.

Vyvanse

This prescription drug for ADHD features lisdexamfetamine dimesylate as its main active ingredient. After the GI tract absorbs it, this is converted into dextro-amphetamine [37].

Daytrana

Unlike ADHD meds in tablet form, Daytrana is a patch that you can place on the hip around two hours before it takes effect. Showcasing methylphenidate, this ADHD treatment is long-acting and is supposed to be removed after nine hours [38].

If you want to learn more, prescription drugs, brands, benefits, and issues are often discussed on prominent subreddits like r/Prescription_Drugs, where you can refer to real user experiences.

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How To Pick the Best Natural Adderall Alternatives

Keep in mind different aspects when selecting natural Adderall alternatives to pinpoint the best match for you.

Brand Reputation

To find a worthy natural Adderall substitute, you should choose trustworthy brands that promote transparency and quality. Do some research about the company’s reputation in the wellness industry.

Money-Back Guarantee

Go for ADHD supplement alternatives with a refund or a satisfaction guarantee. This gives you the chance to try the supplement without risk. The longer the guarantee, the better, so take note of the period.

Efficacy

Consider what benefits each supplement promises, and figure out if these match your own goals. Pick a nootropic that concentrates on the cognitive skills you wish to improve, whether it be focus, memory, or mental clarity.

Optimal Dosage

When taking alternatives to Adderall for focus, follow the manufacturer’s advised dosage and guidelines to make sure the dosage fits your age, tolerance, and weight. Look for a supplement form you’re comfortable with—whether it be pills or liquid Adderall, over-the-counter alternatives.

Clean Label

Read the ingredient list to confirm that the natural cognitive boosters you’re considering have high-quality ingredients. Additionally, double-check to ensure that you’re not allergic to any of the ingredients in the formula.

Customer Reviews

Check out customer reviews and testimonials to learn how effective and dependable these OTC Adderall alternatives are, based on the experiences of real-life users. This will give you a better idea of what to expect from these supplements.

Natural Ingredients

Opt for over-the-counter cognitive enhancers that contain natural ingredients recognized for enhancing cognitive functions. Search for ingredients known to improve memory, focus, and mental clarity based on scientific studies and research.

>>Buy FOCL Day to support your overall cognitive function

FAQs About Adderall Alternatives

Here are quick answers to some common questions about the best Adderall alternatives and concentration enhancement supplements.

How Are Adderall and Ritalin Different?

Ritalin might be a better choice for younger children, while Adderall could be more suitable for adults. Is Ritalin or Adderall safer? While both Ritalin and Adderall are generally safe when prescribed and monitored by a doctor, neither one is inherently “safer” than the other. It depends on each user’s specific needs.

What Is the Best Substitute for Adderall?

What is the best alternative to Adderall? For natural Adderall substitutes, we recommend supplements like FOCL Day. These non-prescription focus pills include natural ingredients that may help manage some ADHD symptoms, improving attention span and mental sharpness. Still, the right one for you depends on your needs and medical history.

How Is Vyvanse Different From Adderall?

Adderall includes 4 kinds of amphetamine salts, whereas Vyvanse only contains 1, namely lisdexamfetamine. Furthermore, Adderall is usually more affordable than Vyvanse [37] [39].

Is Adderall Available Without a Prescription?

No, Adderall is not legally available without a doctor’s prescription. This is to prevent the possible abuse of this stimulant. In case you’re not eligible for a prescription, you can try OTC adderall alternatives instead.

How Does Adderall Affect the Heart?

Adderall can increase heart rate and blood pressure [40], which may pose risks for people with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. That’s why it’s important to monitor your heart health while taking Adderall. Additionally, make sure not to take Adderall and alcohol together to minimize health risks.

How Can I Focus Without Adderall?

Some ways to improve focus without relying on Adderall include establishing a structured routine and breaking tasks into smaller, manageable steps. Moreover, you can minimize distractions and practice mindfulness and relaxation techniques. Another possible option is to use Adderall alternatives.

What Smart Drug Is Similar to Adderall?

There are many smart drugs that can be considered ADHD alternatives to Adderall. One is Strattera, a non-stimulant that gently provides better focus and concentration. Another is Dexedrine, which packs a slightly more potent punch with pure dextroamphetamine.

Final Words on Adderall Alternatives

The best Adderall alternatives make it possible for you to manage ADHD symptoms in a holistic way. Nootropic supplements like FOCL Day have emerged as popular OTC options, each bringing unique blends of these natural ingredients with potential cognitive benefits. Now, it’s time to pick which one suits your needs!

>>Buy FOCL Day to support your overall cognitive function

References

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  8. “Check out this Amazon Review of FOCL Focus Supplement for Adults – Lion’s Mane Supplement Capsules for Improved Focus, Memory, Calm Mind, Cognitive Performance & Stress Relief – Natural Nootropic Brain Health Solution + Energy Boost.” Amazon.com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B0CXTRLJT5/R1LRZ1GEZX4VO3?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B0CXTRLJT5.

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  13. purpleforestfairy. “Has Anyone Tried Thesis or NooCube Nootropics Instead of Stimulants or Other Typical ADHD Meds? I’d Love to Hear Experiences If so! : R/Adhdwomen.” Reddit.Com, https://www.reddit.com/r/adhdwomen/comments/15s5wya/comment/kx3bkvj/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button.

  14. Bruce, Steven E., et al. “Improvements in Concentration, Working Memory and Sustained Attention Following Consumption of a Natural Citicoline-Caffeine Beverage.” International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 65, no. 8, 2014, pp. 1003–1007, doi:10.3109/09637486.2014.940286.

  15. Hirayama, S., et al. “The Effect of Phosphatidylserine Administration on Memory and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.” Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics: The Official Journal of the British Dietetic Association, vol. 27 Suppl 2, no. s2, 2014, pp. 284–291, doi:10.1111/jhn.12090.

  16. Weichmann, Franziska, and Peter Rohdewald. “Pycnogenol® French Maritime Pine Bark Extract in Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Human Clinical Studies.” Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 11, 2024, p. 1389374, doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1389374.

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Claudia is a health coach helping clients create healthier habits and move from emotional eating and yo-yo dieting to a more mindful and balanced relationship with food and life.